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●词性:及物动词(约85%)
♬英/ɪkˈspleɪn/ 美/ɪkˈspleɪn/
⊕1、解释;说明
→make something clear by describing it in detail
使用率:高频(约65%)
用法:直接接解释内容(事物/概念/规则),可接从句(that/how/why)
常用搭配:explain the rules(解释规则),explain a concept(说明概念)
例句:
Can you ☞explain☜ this math problem to me again?
(你能再给我☞解释☜这道数学题吗?)
The teacher used diagrams to ☞explain☜ the water cycle.
(老师用图表☞说明☜水循环过程。)
He ☞explained☜ that the delay was caused by bad weather.
(他☞解释☜延误是恶劣天气导致的。)
The manual ☞explains☜ how to assemble the furniture step by step.
(说明书☞详细说明☜如何逐步组装家具。)
Scientists are trying to ☞explain☜ the strange phenomenon.
(科学家正试图☞解释☜这一奇特现象。)
⊕2、说明理由;辩解
→give reasons to justify an action
使用率:中频(约20%)
用法:接原因(常与to连用),可接反身代词(explain oneself)
常用搭配:explain the reason(说明理由),explain oneself(自我辩解)
例句:
She had to ☞explain☜ her absence to the boss.
(她不得不向老板☞解释☜缺席的原因。)
How do you ☞explain☜ spending so much money on games?
(你如何☞辩解☜在游戏上花这么多钱?)
The child tearfully tried to ☞explain himself☜ after breaking the vase.
(打碎花瓶后,孩子哭着试图☞为自己辩解☜。)
The policy was poorly ☞explained☜, causing public confusion.
(政策未充分☞说明理由☜,引发公众困惑。)
Can you ☞explain☜ why the report was submitted late?
(你能☞说明☜报告迟交的理由吗?)
●词性:不及物动词(约15%)
♬英/ɪkˈspleɪn/ 美/ɪkˈspleɪn/
⊕1、进行解释
→give clarification without direct object
使用率:低频(约10%)
用法:单独使用或接介词短语(about/to)
常用搭配:explain in detail(详细说明),explain to someone(向某人解释)
例句:
"I don’t understand," she said. "Could you ☞explain☜ again?"
(“我不明白,”她说,“能再☞解释☜一遍吗?”)
He spent 10 minutes ☞explaining☜ about the safety procedures.
(他花了10分钟☞详细说明☜安全流程。)
The guide ☞explained☜ to the tourists in simple English.
(导游用简单英语向游客☞讲解☜。)
When asked about the error, the system simply displayed "Cannot ☞explain☜."
(被问及错误时,系统仅显示“无法☞解释☜”。)
She sighed and began to ☞explain☜ patiently.
(她叹口气,开始耐心☞解释☜。)
◆总结→
◎核心词性:及物动词(占绝对多数使用场景)
◎高频场景:教学讲解、技术说明、日常理由陈述
◎学习重点:区分及物/不及物用法,掌握"explain sth to sb"结构
◎使用要点:间接宾语前必须加to(正:explain to me;误:explain me)
◎易错点:误加介词(如"explain about"接具体内容时为冗余),混淆explain(解释)与describe(描述)